Ndarja e së Drejtës Penale
Punuar nga Ma. Sc. Dardan Vuniqi e Redona Gaxherri nga libri i Prof. Dr. Ismet SALIHU ; përshtati online Webmaster
E dr. penale në kuptimin e gjerë ndahet në disa pjesë të saj të brendshme. Ndarja e brendshme ka rëndësi praktike dhe teorike. Rëndësia praktike konsiston në aplikimin më adekuat të saj, kurse ajo teorike kontribuon që të kuptohet dhe të kihet një pasqyrë më e qartë për këtë degë të drejtësisë.
E dr. penale materiale dhe procedurale – është ndarje klasike dhe më e rëndësishmja. Me normat e natyrës materiale përcaktohet së cilat vepra të njerëzve konsiderohen vepra penale dhe çfarë lloje të sanksioneve penale mund tu shqiptohen kryersve të tyre (kuptimi i ngushtë). E dr. penale materiale realizohet duke aplikuar normat e së dr. se procedurës penale.
E dr. penale dhe e dr. penale ekzekutive – në kuptimin e gjerë në kuadrin e së dr. penale bëjnë pjesë edhe normat penale-juridike me të cilat rregullohet çështja e ekzekutimit të dënimeve dhe llojeve tjera të sanksioneve penale. Edhe çështjet e ekzekutimit të sanksioneve penale janë të rregulluara me ligj të posaçëm, të ne në ligjin e ekzekutimeve të sanksioneve penale. Përkitazi me ekzekutimin e sanksioneve penale është formuar një degë e shkencës – Penalogjia, apo shkenca mbi ekzekutimin e sanksioneve penale, ndryshe quhet edhe shkenca Penitensiare.
E dr. penale e përgjithshme dhe e posaçme – e dr. penale e përgjithshme është ajo që vlenë për të gjithë qytetarët, kurse ajo e posaçme është ajo që vlenë vetëm për një grup qytetarësh, që gjenden në marrëdhënie të caktuar apo I përkasin grupit të caktuar të shoqërisë (psh., e dr. penale ushtarake-aplikohet vetëm ndaj ushtarakeve, e dr. penale për të mitur-aplikohet vetëm për të mitur, etj.).
E dr. penale e rregullt dhe e jashtëzakonshme – me të dr. penale të rregullt nënkuptojmë rastet e aplikimit të kësaj dege në kushtet normale, të rregullta të jetës shoqërore (gjatë kohës së paqës), kurse me të dr. penale të jashtëzakonshme nënkuptojmë normat penale juridike që nxirren dhe aplikohen në kushtet apo rrethanat e jashtëzakonshme (psh., gjatë kohës së luftës, etj.).
E dr. penale kombëtare dhe ndërkombëtare – e dr. penale kombëtare konsiderohet ajo e dr. penale apo legjislacion penal i një shteti të caktuar, që vepron apo zbatohet brenda territorit të tij. E dr. penale ndërkombëtare është sistem i normave penale-juridike që u dedikohet marrëdhënieve ndërkombëtare. Me këtë degë përcaktohet nocioni i krimeve ndërkombëtare, koncepti i të drejtave dhe lirive të njeriut, imuniteti diplomatik, procedura e gjyakatave ndërkombëtare, përcaktohen normat e së dr. penale, që postulatet e tyre i mbeshtesin në konventat bilaterale apo multilaterale lidhur me rrëmbimin e aeroplanëve, tregtisë me drogë, etj., pastaj rregullohen çështjet e ndëshkimit për veprat e kryera jashtë vendit, e ekstradimit, e drejtës së azilit, etj.
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